One day, out of the blue, a Dutch colleague decides to invite you to her birthday party. It’s on a Saturday afternoon, and you think, “Yay, a party!” Since your schedule isn’t packed, you decide to check it out and see what happens. The party starts at four; a bit early by Spanish standards, but hey, who’s judging?

You roll in a little after five to avoid being the first guest and find about fifteen people sitting in a circle at the living room table (you’ll later discover the foreigners call it “The Circle of Death”). There are flags hanging from the ceiling, bouquets of flowers, and presents scattered on the table.

The hostess asks what you want to drink, and of course, you’re thinking, “Is this a party or a tea party?” So, you ask for a beer. Out of the corner of your eye, you notice heads turning in your direction. The hostess then sweetly asks if you’d prefer coffee or tea. Feeling the weight of those curious stares, you opt for tea.

Before she heads to the kitchen to prepare your beverage, she leans in and whispers if you want apple pie or chocolate cake. With any luck, maybe there are three options? Truth is, you’re not in the mood for dessert.

The Circle of Death

Faced with the serious faces and hushed murmurs, you join the circle and brace yourself for the fun. And here comes the torture. No spontaneous conversations; it’s all scripted: “Hi, I’m so-and-so,” handshake; “Hi, I’m what’s-her-name,” another handshake, with zero enthusiasm… Where are you from? How long have you been here? Do you speak Dutch? Where do you work?

More people trickle in, and the word “gefeliciteerd” is repeated not just to the birthday person but to every member of her family. You find yourself answering the same round of questions again.

After an hour of wondering when the actual fun will begin, bowls of peanuts, chips, tomatoes, olives, snacks, and a selection of supermarket goodies appear (depending on whether the closest store is, Albert Heijn or Lidl).

People from all over the country keep arriving: the aunt, the brother-in-law, the nephews who only make an appearance a couple of times a year. Same routine: coffee or tea, a lap around the circle, shaking hands and introducing themselves to each other. The circle stays intact; if you’re stuck next to the birthday girl’s grandma, you’re fucked. There is no escape.

It’s over six-thirty, and finally, wine and beer show up. If you ask for more than three beers, you’ll hear comments like, “You’re drinking pretty fast, huh?” By eight-ish, after a few beers, hunger starts creeping in. You ask the hostess if she’s prepared any dinner, and she beams back, “That’s all there is! I didn’t make anything.”

The music is nonexistent, conversations are boring, and no plans are in sight. After a timid goodbye, you decide to head out for dinner. If it’s getting late, you’ll have to settle for fried food at a Turkish fast-food toko since all the restaurants will be fully booked by seven.

You end up at a bar-restaurant-nightclub until the early hours, remembering the “epic birthday party” you just attended.

That was my first birthday party in the Netherlands; of course there are livelier celebrations depending on who’s hosting.

My advice? If you’re invited to a birthday party and you see chairs arranged in a circle when you arrive, find a convincing excuse to leave early.

Foreign Birthday in Rotterdam

Recently, I attended the birthday of an American friend of a friend. There were chorizos, ham, fuet, cheese, aioli, bread, and other delicacies.

There was even a tray for guests with hash, pills, and other fun substances. In the living room, a mini disco was set up. The neighbours didn’t complain about the noise; they just joined the party instead.

A colourful mix of people filled the small neighborhood apartment, glowing with neon lights. Getting to the bathroom was a mission, as there were always groups huddled in there for a quick “touch-up.”

The fridge was overflowing with wine and booze, and the terrace, piled high with beer boxes, was occupied by people smoking legal goodies and dancing. Now that was a real party! Around four in the morning, I stumbled out, quite tipsy, while the celebration was still going strong.

Traditional Birthday in the Netherlands

In the Netherlands, birthdays are a big deal and celebrated in various ways. People often invite friends and family over to commemorate the day with food and drink. Cake is usually served, and they sing “happy birthday” in Dutch (“Lang zal ze leven” or “Hieperdepiep hoera”). It’s also common for the birthday person to receive gifts from their guests.

Additionally, it’s customary for the birthday person to offer something sweet or savory to their friends and family, known as “traktatie,” as a thank you for coming to celebrate. Kids often bring these traktaties to school, and most of the time, they prepare them themselves. I’ve seen some impressive traktaties. At work, it’s also typical for the birthday celebrant to bring cake or pastries for their colleagues.

Things to expect at a Dutch birthday: sitting in a circle with guests, serving tea and cake, congratulating everyone present, opening gifts in front of everyone, and turning into Abraham or Sara when you hit 50. Plus, don’t forget those calendars in the bathroom marking everyone’s birthdays!

Some handy words for a Dutch birthday bash: Gefeliciteerd (congratulations), Taart (cake), Kringverjaardag (circle birthday party), Koffie (coffee), Thee (tea), Hapjes (snacks), Drankjes (drinks), Cadeau (gift), Feesthoedje (party hat).

I haven’t sat in the Circle of Death for a few years now, but apparently, the new generation of Dutch folks is shaking things up. Hallelujah!

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A Journey Inside the Bunker

To enter the bunker, you descend a staircase and pass through two heavy metal doors. The interior has space for 50 people, who would sit on small benches for two people, with basic beds on top. There was a small compartment covered only by a curtain with a large bucket for necessities. When the bucket was full, it had to be emptied outside.

On the tables, there were cans of emergency food rations and water supplies that were replenished monthly. After 48 hours, it was considered safe to leave the shelter. There were also candles for power outages.

The shelter was designed for people who were in the area and could not make it home during an emergency. During those 48 hours, a large hand-cranked wheel had to be turned to purify the air, which was a demanding task. The outside air passed through sand filters and then exited into the room through a tube. In case of chemical or biological threats, a large gas mask would be connected to provide fresh air, creating a sort of bubble to keep out particles or contaminants.

The Network of Shelters in Rotterdam

In addition to the bunker on Westzeedijk, Rotterdam had 17 similar shelters in different parts of the city, built during the Cold War in anticipation of a possible Soviet attack. Almost all RET subway stations were also prepared as shelters. The walls contained compartments with toilets, food supplies, and kits to build beds, while the train cars served as seating places. Most of these shelters were closed, demolished, or repurposed after the fall of the Iron Curtain and the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1989.

There is still one intact shelter in Schiebroek, with a capacity for about 100 people. Part of it is used by a florist to store flowers, and another part has been restored to its original state.

These shelters were intended for the public, and it was expected that each person would prepare their own shelter at home. The Civil Protection Service published a manual in the 1960s on how to build a home shelter. For example, in the event of an air raid, it was recommended to seal all doors and windows with sandbags.

The larger shelters included subway stations, where up to 15,000 people could take refuge. Central Station and the Leuvehaven area had their own shelters. In some subway stations, you can still see remains of the original shelters.

After spending half an hour in this small room (approximately 2.5 by 5 meters), with no privacy and little room to move, I hope we never have to use these shelters. If you suffer from claustrophobia, the 48 hours could feel like an eternity.

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The Netherlands: An Overview

The Netherlands is a country located in Western Europe, known for its distinctive flat landscape, extensive network of canals, and rich cultural history. Officially called “the Kingdom of the Netherlands,” this country is made up of twelve provinces. The term “Netherlands” literally means “low countries,” a reference to the fact that much of the land is at or below sea level.

Holland vs. The Netherlands

One common source of confusion is the use of the term “Holland” when referring to the entire country. While many people use “Holland” to describe the whole nation, it actually only refers to two specific provinces: North Holland (Noord-Holland) and South Holland (Zuid-Holland). These two provinces are located in the western part of the country and are among the most economically and culturally significant regions in the Netherlands.

North Holland (Noord-Holland) is a province known for its bustling capital, Amsterdam. Amsterdam is celebrated for its historic canals, charming neighborhoods, and vibrant arts scene. The city’s cultural offerings include numerous museums, theaters, and festivals. Outside Amsterdam, North Holland features picturesque towns such as Haarlem, known for its historic architecture and cultural heritage, and coastal areas like Zandvoort and Egmond aan Zee, which are popular summer destinations.

South Holland (Zuid-Holland), on the other hand, is known for its economic and political significance. Rotterdam, a city renowned for its modern architecture and innovative urban planning, is a key economic hub. The port of Rotterdam is one of the largest in the world, playing a crucial role in international trade. The Hague, another major city in South Holland, is not only the seat of the Dutch government but also hosts several international organizations, including the International Court of Justice.

So, when referring to the entire country, “the Netherlands” is the correct term. “Holland” should be reserved for those two specific provinces.

The Kingdom of the Netherlands

The Kingdom of the Netherlands was officially established in 1815 after the Congress of Vienna, which was a series of meetings held to reshape Europe after the Napoleonic Wars. Before this, the region was part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, and included modern-day Belgium and Luxembourg. Belgium gained independence in 1830, leaving the Netherlands as a separate kingdom.

The Kingdom of the Netherlands not only includes the European part but also several Caribbean territories. These territories are Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten, and the three special municipalities of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba. This collection of territories makes the Kingdom of the Netherlands a diverse and multifaceted entity.

The Orange Family: Royal Heritage

The Dutch royal family, known as the House of Orange-Nassau, has a long and storied history. The family name comes from William of Orange, also known as William the Silent, who played a key role in the Dutch Revolt against Spanish rule in the 16th century. His leadership helped to establish the independence of the Dutch Republic, which eventually evolved into the modern Netherlands.

The color orange has become a symbol of Dutch national pride, largely due to the association with the royal family. During national celebrations, such as King’s Day (Koningsdag), you’ll see people dressed in orange, and the color is also prominently featured in Dutch sports uniforms. The Dutch national football team, for example, is known as “Oranje” and wears bright orange kits, reflecting the royal connection.

The Randstad: Economic and Cultural Hub

The Randstad is a prominent region in the Netherlands, consisting of four major cities: Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, and Utrecht. It forms a roughly circular area and is often referred to as the economic and cultural heart of the country. This region is one of the most densely populated areas in Europe and plays a crucial role in the Dutch economy.

The Randstad hosts major industries, including finance, trade, and technology. Rotterdam’s port is one of the busiest in Europe, handling a significant portion of the Netherlands’ international trade. Amsterdam is a major financial center, and The Hague is known for its governmental and international institutions.

The Dutch Language and Regional Dialects

Dutch is the official language of the Netherlands and is spoken throughout the country. It is a Germanic language and serves as the primary means of communication in both North Holland and South Holland. Dutch is known for its straightforward grammar and vocabulary, though it can be challenging for non-native speakers due to its unique pronunciation and some complex rules.

In addition to Dutch, the Netherlands has regional languages and dialects. In Friesland, a northern province, Frisian is also an officially recognized language. Frisian is distinct from Dutch and has its own grammar and vocabulary. It is spoken alongside Dutch in Friesland, reflecting the region’s unique cultural heritage.

The word “Dutch” comes from the Old Dutch word duutsch or diets, which means “popular” or “of the people.” This term was used to describe the language spoken by the common people as opposed to Latin or French, which were used in official or educated contexts.

In the medieval period, the term diets was used to refer to the various dialects spoken in the region that is now the Netherlands and parts of Belgium. The Middle Dutch language was spoken from roughly the 12th to the 16th century and was the precursor to modern Dutch.

Development of the Name

During the 17th century, when the Dutch Republic was a major global power, the English language started to use the term Dutch to refer to the language spoken in the Netherlands from other languages and Germanic dialects. This term was an anglicization of the earlier Dutch term duutsch or “diets.”

In neighboring countries, such as Germany, the language was known as Niederländisch or Holländisch (from Holland), which directly translates to Low Dutch or Hollandic in English. The English term Dutch reflects an older, more informal term that was used historically.

Today, Dutch is the official term used in English to refer to the language spoken in the Netherlands and parts of Belgium (Flanders). It is standardized and recognized as the official language of the Netherlands and one of the official languages of Belgium.

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Origin and Inspiration of RIF010

RIF010 is a recent project that opened in 2024 and has transformed how the people of Rotterdam interact with water. The idea behind this innovative facility emerged from the need to revitalize some of the city’s port areas and bring water sports closer to the urban population. Inspired by other European initiatives, RIF010 combines cutting-edge technology with a design focused on leisure and sustainability.

The wave pool was designed to be more than just a recreational space: it symbolizes Rotterdam’s approach to sustainable and socially inclusive urban planning. Using recycled materials and efficient water and energy technology, this project is not only a place for entertainment but also a model of responsible urban design.

Design and Specifications of RIF010

RIF010 is strategically located in Steigersgracht, right in the heart of Rotterdam, taking advantage of the existing infrastructure in the port area. Measuring approximately 30 meters long, 20 meters wide, and with a depth ranging from 1.2 to 2 meters, the pool is ideal for various water sports. Its advanced technology allows waves up to 1.5 meters high, adjustable according to user levels and preferences.

Activities and Experiences at RIF010

RIF010 offers a wide range of activities for all levels, from beginners to expert water sports enthusiasts:

Urban Surfing: The wave pool allows surfing regardless of the season or weather conditions. Waves can be adjusted in size and intensity to suit both beginners and experienced surfers.

Paddle Surfing and Bodyboarding: Besides surfing, visitors can enjoy paddleboarding and bodyboarding in a safe and controlled environment, perfect for those seeking a more relaxed aquatic experience.

Classes and Training: Surf lessons and personalized training sessions are available for those who wish to learn or improve their water sports skills, guided by professional instructors.

Events and Competitions: RIF010 regularly hosts events, demonstrations, and competitions that attract both local surfers and spectators who enjoy the show.

RIF010 in Winter

One of RIF010’s great advantages is its ability to operate year-round, including during the winter months. The pool features heating systems that keep the water at a comfortable temperature between 20 and 25 degrees Celsius, allowing surfers to enjoy the waves without worrying about the cold.

The facilities are also heated, with changing rooms and showers that offer a warm and comfortable environment. Thicker wetsuits are available, specially designed for winter conditions, and structures protect the pool from wind and rain, creating an optimal environment even on the coldest days.

Opening Hours and Rental Services

RIF010 offers extended hours to accommodate all visitors, whether before or after work or on weekends.

Opening Hours:

Monday to Friday: 08:00 – 22:00

Saturdays and Sundays: 09:00 – 21:00

Available Rental Equipment:

Surfboards and Bodyboards: Various options in different sizes for all skill levels.

Kayaks and Paddleboards: Perfect for a more tranquil water experience.

Wetsuits: Available in different thicknesses, ideal for all seasons, especially in winter.

Life Jackets: Ensuring safety for everyone, especially beginners.

Location and Accessibility
RIF010 is located on the Steigersgracht canal, near Blaak metro and train station. It is easily accessible by public transport and bicycle.

Address: Steigersgracht 1, 3011 ET, Rotterdam, Netherlands. Visit their website on this link.

RIF010 is more than just a wave pool; it is a multifunctional space that redefines the relationship between the city and water. With an offer that goes beyond sports, it includes social experiences and community events that promote an active and connected lifestyle.

Similar Projects in Other Cities

RIF010 is not unique in its kind. Several cities in Europe and around the world have developed similar facilities that bring water sports closer to urban environments.

Munich, Germany – Eisbach Wave: A natural wave in the English Garden that has become an urban surfing icon.

Berlin, Germany – Wellenwerk: An indoor wave pool offering year-round surfing with advanced technology.

Zurich, Switzerland – Urbansurf: Located in the Gerold Areal district, it offers an urban surfing experience with an adjustable wave pool.

Bristol, UK – The Wave: This surfing complex uses state-of-the-art technology to create waves suitable for all skill levels.

Paris, France – La Vague Grand Paris: In development, this project promises to bring urban surfing to the outskirts of Paris using Wavegarden technology.

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Origins of Mayonnaise and French Fries

The custom of eating French fries with mayonnaise has its roots in Belgium, a neighbouring country of the Netherlands and one of the largest consumers of French fries in the world. Although there is no exact record of when it became popular in the Netherlands, it is believed that the Belgian influence was decisive. The Dutch quickly adopted the idea and gave it their personal touch with a lighter, less sour version of mayonnaise than in other countries.

The popularity of this combination increased after World War II, when potatoes and frying oils became more accessible. Frying stalls, known as ‘frituurs’ or ‘snackbars’, began to flourish everywhere, selling fries with a generous dose of mayonnaise. Since then, this side dish has become something of an institution in Dutch gastronomy.

More than Mayonnaise: Popular Variations and Sauces

While mayonnaise is the classic choice, the Dutch have elevated the art of accompanying French fries with a wide variety of sauces that might surprise any visitor. Here are some of the most popular:

– Fritessaus: A lighter version of mayonnaise, with less fat and a milder taste. It is so common that many Dutch people make no distinction between this sauce and classic mayonnaise, although purists insist that it is not the same.

– Joppie sauce: A combination of mayonnaise, curry and onion that adds a sweet and spicy kick. Its peculiar name and flavour have made it a favourite, and many tourists are surprised to discover that ‘Joppie’ is not a brand name but a type of sauce.

– Samurai Sauce: For those looking for something a little spicier, this sauce blends mayonnaise with chilli paste, offering an unexpected hit of heat that awakens the palate.

A Street Experience: The ‘Patatje’ and Fry Culture

Eating Chips in the Netherlands is not just a matter of taste; it is a social and cultural experience. Frituurs are part of the Dutch urban and rural landscape, and it is very common to see people enjoying a ‘patatje met’ (fries with mayonnaise) while strolling through the streets or sitting in a park. The paper cones in which the chips are served are not only practical, but also part of the charm of this custom.

Funny Moments: Foreigners’ Adventures with Mayonnaise

Tourists are often surprised by the amount of mayonnaise served with fries in the Netherlands. It is not uncommon to see a foreigner ask for ketchup, only to receive a confused look or an offer of ketchup but at an additional cost. Not only do the Dutch prefer mayonnaise, but quantity matters: a generous layer covering each fry, almost as if they were wrapped in a creamy cloud.

The misunderstandings don’t stop there. There are funny stories of visitors who, expecting ketchup, are in for a surprise when they bite into a potato covered in peanut sauce (satay sauce) or, worse still, the intense and surprising Andalusian sauce, a spicy mixture of mayonnaise and peppers. For the unprepared, this can be an unexpected and somewhat explosive experience.

‘Patatje Oorlog’ and Other Peculiar Combinations

Another amusing curiosity is the ‘Patatje Oorlog’ (literally, ‘war fries’), a chaotic mixture of mayonnaise, peanut sauce and crispy onion. The name is said to come from the messy, chaotic appearance of the dish, which looks more like a pitched battle of ingredients than an orderly side dish. Despite its appearance, this combination is a huge hit with locals and tourists who dare to try something different.

There is also the ‘Patat Speciaal’, a creation with mayonnaise, ketchup and chopped onion. It’s one of those mixtures that seems like a culinary mistake, but it’s surprising how well all the flavours work together. It’s like a party in your mouth that starts with the sweetness of the ketchup, followed by the smoothness of the mayonnaise and finished off with the crunch of the onion.

Practicality and Taste

The Dutch preference for mayonnaise is not only a matter of tradition, but also of practicality. Mayonnaise is easy to make and adapt, and its creamy texture coats fries evenly, something other sauces fail to do. In addition, mayonnaise’s neutrality allows it to blend with other flavours without overpowering them, creating a versatile base for endless combinations.

The Dutch are known for their practical and straightforward approach to life, and their choice of condiments is no different. It’s not about following fads or making things complicated; it’s about enjoying a simple and delicious dish without a lot of fuss.

Eating fries with mayonnaise in the Netherlands is an experience that goes beyond flavours. It is a reflection of the Dutch character: pragmatic, simple and with a touch of quirkiness that delights those who experience it. Whether at a street stall, in a restaurant or at home, this tradition remains one of the most authentic and tasty ways to experience the culture of the Netherlands.

So next time you find yourself in a Dutch ‘frituur’, don’t hesitate to order a ‘patatje met’. Immerse yourself in this delicious custom, and who knows, maybe you’ll end up adopting mayonnaise as your favourite condiment for fries, no matter where you come from.

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Historical Origins of Sinterklaas

The figure of Sinterklaas is based on Saint Nicholas, a 4th-century bishop from Myra, a region that is now part of Turkey. Saint Nicholas was known for his generosity and performing miracles. His story spread throughout Europe and, over time, merged with other traditions, creating celebrations in his honor.

In the Netherlands, Sinterklaas became the patron saint of children and sailors. Stories about his miracles and generosity were passed down through generations, and this gave rise to the current festival.

The Arrival of Sinterklaas

One of the most exciting moments of the Sinterklaas celebration in the Netherlands is his arrival, called “intocht van Sinterklaas.” This official entry occurs in mid-November, marking the beginning of the festive season. Sinterklaas arrives from Spain on a boat, accompanied by his helpers, the “Pieten” or “Zwarte Pieten.”

In many cities, especially in Amsterdam and Rotterdam, a grand reception with parades, music, and dances is organized. Thousands of children and their families gather to watch Sinterklaas arrive, greeting him enthusiastically as he and his Pieten throw candies and small gifts to the crowd.

The Pieten: History and Controversy

Sinterklaas’ helpers, traditionally known as Zwarte Pieten (Black Peters), have been part of the celebration for centuries. Originally, these characters were portrayed with black-painted faces, red lips, and colorful clothing. However, this portrayal has been criticized for its racist connotations.

To address these criticisms, many communities have changed the image of the Pieten. Now, some use “Roetveegpieten,” characters with black smudges on their faces that are supposed to be caused by chimney soot. This change aims to preserve the tradition while making it more inclusive and respectful.

Letters and Shoes

One of the most beloved traditions is leaving out shoes (“schoentje zetten”). Dutch children place their shoes by the fireplace or door, hoping that Sinterklaas will fill them with treats and small gifts. Often, children leave carrots or hay in the shoes for Sinterklaas’ white horse, named Amerigo (or more recently, Ozosnel).

The excitement of finding gifts in their shoes each morning is combined with the tradition of writing letters to Sinterklaas. In these letters, children express their wishes and sometimes include drawings or poems. This practice not only fosters creativity and writing skills but also strengthens the bond between children and Sinterklaas.

Sinterklaas Day

The climax of the festival is December 5th, known as “Sinterklaasavond” or “Pakjesavond” (Gift Evening). On this night, families gather to exchange gifts and enjoy a special dinner. Gift-giving is accompanied by humorous and personalized poems, known as “Sinterklaasgedichten,” which are read aloud before opening each present. These poems are usually anonymous and can be funny or satirical, highlighting characteristics or events related to the recipient. If for some reason you were asked to create one of these poems for the occasion, check this link for a Sinter Klaas poem generator. You never know what could come out of it.

In addition to the gifts and poems, there are several traditional sweets that are indispensable for this festival. These include “pepernoten,” small spiced cookies, and “chocoladeletter,” a chocolate letter that is usually the initial of the person’s name. Other typical sweets include marzipan, chocolate figures, and “speculaas,” spiced cookies shaped like Sinterklaas figures.

Cultural and Social Aspects

The celebration of St Klaas is not only a time of joy and festivity but also reflects important aspects of Dutch culture and society. The tradition of poems and lighthearted jokes in gifts shows the Dutch love for wit and humor. Generosity and the idea of sharing reinforce community and family values.

The debate over the figure of Zwarte Piet has also highlighted the importance of inclusion and respect in modern society. Efforts to change this tradition show how a culture can adapt and evolve, keeping its celebrations alive while responding to contemporary concerns.

Sinterklaas in Education and Media

The figure of St Klaas has a significant presence in the Dutch education system and media. In the weeks leading up to December 5th, schools organize activities related to Sinterklaas, including crafts, songs, and theatrical performances. These activities not only entertain children but also teach them about the history and traditions associated with the festival.

The media also play a crucial role in spreading and promoting the celebration. Every year, Sinterklaas’ arrival is broadcast live on national television, an event eagerly followed by millions of viewers. Additionally, TV shows, books, and songs about Sinterklaas and his Pieten are produced and widely consumed, keeping the tradition alive and relevant in the modern age.

Sinterklaas and the Economy

The Sinterklaas festival also has a significant impact on the Dutch economy. The period leading up to December 5th is one of the most profitable for retailers, especially toy stores, confectioneries, and bookstores. The sale of gifts, sweets, and holiday decorations sees a notable increase, contributing significantly to the local economy.

Businesses and brands also leverage the festival to launch advertising campaigns and special promotions, aiming to attract consumers looking for gifts for their loved ones. This economic activity associated with Sinterklaas highlights how a cultural tradition can have substantial economic ramifications.

Sinterklaas vs. Santa Claus

A common question that arises when discussing the Sinterklaas tradition is its relationship with Santa Claus. Although both figures have roots in Saint Nicholas and share similarities, there are significant differences between them. Santa Claus, popularized in the United States, is a more commercial figure associated primarily with Christmas, while Sinterklaas arrives earlier in the festive season and is deeply rooted in Dutch culture and traditions.

Santa Claus travels in a sleigh pulled by reindeer and resides at the North Pole, while Sinterklaas arrives by boat from Spain and rides a white horse. Additionally, the tradition of personalized poems and jokes is a distinctive feature of the Dutch celebration, which has no direct equivalent in the traditions associated with Santa Claus.

Evolution and Future of the Tradition

The Sinterklaas tradition has evolved significantly over the centuries and continues to adapt to modern times. Changes in the portrayal of the Pieten are an example of how the festival adjusts to contemporary sensitivities and promotes values of inclusion and respect.

The use of technology is also transforming the celebration. Mobile apps and online platforms allow children to follow the adventures of Sinterklaas and his Pieten, send digital letters, and participate in interactive games. These advancements ensure that the tradition remains relevant and appealing to new generations.

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King’s Day (Koningsdag) is a national holiday of the Netherlands celebrated on April 27 each year. It is a day to honor the birthday of the King of the Netherlands and celebrate Dutch culture and traditions.

The history of King’s Day dates back to 1885, when Princess Wilhelmina, the future Queen of the Netherlands, was born. Her birthday, August 31, was celebrated as a national holiday until her daughter, Queen Beatrix, ascended the throne in 1980. Queen Beatrix’s birthday fell on January 31, in the middle of winter, so she decided to change the holiday to her mother’s birthday, April 30.

The current King of the Netherlands, Willem-Alexander, was born on April 27 and, when he ascended to the throne in 2013, he decided to keep the holiday on that day in honor of his own birthday.

On King’s Day, the whole country is dyed orange, people dress in the national color and take to the streets to participate in various festivities. The celebrations usually begin on the eve with King’s Night (Koningsnacht), which is a big party night with concerts, flea markets and fireworks. From here we recommend spending Konigsnacht in The Hague where there are several live performances around the city center.

During Koningsdag there are music concerts in all neighborhoods. It is also traditional to wear an orange garment, which represents the national color and symbolizes unity and pride in being Dutch.

One of the most popular King’s Day activities is the vrijmarkt, which translates as free market. During the vrijmarkt, people set up stalls and sell their unwanted items on the street. It’s a fun way to earn some extra cash and get rid of old stuff while enjoying the festive atmosphere.

King’s Day is a day full of joy, music and togetherness, and is a celebration that brings the Dutch closer together.

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Often overlooked by international visitors who flock to its famous sibling up north instead, Rotterdam is arguably cooler and more eclectic. Head here for a vibrant culinary scene and architecture straight out of a sci-fi film.

If you want to see the future of the Netherlands, visit Rotterdam. At street level, you’ll hear dozens of languages and encounter people who hail from nearly every corner of the globe. Look up and you’ll see buildings that look like they’ve been cut and pasted from one of the Blade Runner films.

Hipper, edgier, and more modern than its famous counterpart to the north, Rotterdam is a metropolis with its heart and soul perpetually squirming out of the present and into whatever comes next. In Rotterdam, you can find diversity waiting for you around every corner and in a disparate culinary scene that dishes up everything from mouth-watering Caribbean fare to hand rolled Chinese noodles.

This is the city where Ahmed Aboutaleb was appointed as Western Europe’s first Muslim mayor. It’s also where you’ll find American artist Paul McCarthy’s Santa Claus triumphantly standing in a public square. Better known by its nickname, ‘Kabouter Buttplug’, the gleeful sculpture caused a stir when it arrived in town back in the ‘00s. Plenty of locals started clutching their pearls, but it’s since become the surrounding district’s icon.

This cheeky, confrontational, and jolly Saint Nick reflects at least part of Rotterdam’s zeitgeist. In many ways, the city remains a hardscrabble blue collar burg. Rotterdam is home to the largest port in Europe and some of the continent’s fiercest football fans. But much to the chagrin of long-time residents, gentrification has begun to rear its perfectly coiffed head, perhaps an inevitable side effect of all that futurism.

Five things to do in Rotterdam

Dive into the Depot

Rotterdam’s already innovative architecture was kicked up a notch by the debut of the Depot Boijmans Van Beuningen in 2021. As the name indicates, this isn’t quite a museum. It’s actually a depot for the museum next door (which is undergoing renovations and isn’t scheduled to reopen until 2026) and the first of its kind in the world to be open to the public.

Step past tour groups dressed in white lab jackets as you peer into storage areas with everything from 17th century portraits to abstract modern art sculptures piled up to the nearest ceiling. At the time of this writing, one of Pieter Bruegel the Elder’s three Tower of Babel paintings and McCarthy’s colossal Bunkhouse are among the pieces you’ll find in the galleries.

Absorb the architecture

The Depot is just one example of Rotterdam’s ambitious and iconic architecture. Tens of thousands enter the city each day through the gates of its sleek Central Station. Visitors and locals alike pour into the Markthal where the ceiling is just as big of a draw as the food itself. It’s just a stone’s throw from the Kubuswoningen, which steadfast residents still live in despite layouts worthy of a 23rd century funhouse. You can take a look for yourself in one home that’s been turned into a museum.

The city was all but destroyed during World War 2, but a few of its classic buildings survived. The Grote of Sint-Laurenskerk was heavily damaged, but a nearly two-decade restoration effort restored the church to its former glory. The 64 metre tower dates back to the 17th century and can be climbed with a guide between March and October. The historic Delfshaven district provides another gateway into Rotterdam’s history.

Find free art at street level

You don’t need to go to a gallery or a museum to see art in Rotterdam. The streets are chock full of it. You’ll find humorous sculptures like Armour in random spots or, in the case of Cascade, alongside major intersections. Large murals and other displays cover the walls of many buildings and feature John Travolta’s character from Pulp Fiction, Andy Warhol’s ‘15 Minutes of Fame’ quote, and cartoon lobsters.

Rewriters Rotterdam is a website with an interactive app that offers maps and information. It’s a good place to start if you’d like to check out this and other street art scattered all across the city.

Visit one of several very cool districts

Seek out hip galleries, eateries, coffeehouses, shops, and more in one of Rotterdam’s districts. There’s literally one called Cool. Well, that’s its nickname at least. It’s named for the Coolsingel, one of the city’s main thoroughfares.

Aim for the side streets where you’ll find everything from the Oude Luxor theatre to Donner Boekhandel, one of the country’s largest bookstores. Kop van Zuid is a popular destination, especially during the summer months. Many visitors like to watch gigantic cruise ships come into port from the outdoor terrace at the New York Hotel.

The nearby Nederlands Fotomuseum or LantarenVenster movie theatre are good spots for a rainy day. De Witte de Withstraat is another popular area with plenty of trendy cafes, galleries, boutiques, and more.

If you’ve got tykes in tow

Are there any wee ones with you? They’d probably prefer the Rotterdam Zoo over a hipster coffeehouse or art gallery. It’s among the oldest and largest ones in the country and you can easily spend an entire day visiting over 180 species from around the world. The zoo boasts an aquarium and a botanical garden, too.

Miniworld Rotterdam is sure to be a hit among the under 7 set. The average ‘day’ in this tiny version of the city lasts only 24 minutes and the simulated nights feature thousands of little lights. Watch the sails of the windmills turn in a recreation of the Kinderdijk windmill park as trains zip down the tracks and freight vehicles bring cargo into the port. If the weather is cooperating, the actual Kinderdijk is located on Rotterdam’s outskirts and well worth a visit.

Where to eat in Rotterdam

Rotterdam has a diverse culinary scene that’s a welcome reprieve from the often humdrum ones you’ll find elsewhere around the country. A trip to the Foodhallen, mentioned above, should be considered a prerequisite if you want to cover as much ground as possible without going too far out of your way.

Yellow River is an outstanding noodle cafe with hand pulled varieties, but be prepared for at least a 15 minute wait and fierce competition for tables that are cleaned by the staff within mere seconds of other diners departing. The line often reaches the door on weekends. If you’re looking for a small cafe for dinner, try La Bandera and its menu of Dominican dishes.

Cafes with their names written IN ALL CAPITAL LETTERS seems to be a trend right now in Rotterdam. Head to MAAS for its largely Latin and Cajun menu, but there’s also burgers for fussier eaters. KITE is a trendy cafe that specialises in Afghan food. BUN is a great lunch spot that could easily spawn a franchise all across the Netherlands, but the wait times are sometimes brutal. Their sandwiches are undoubtedly delicious and worth the effort, though.

If you’re someone who values atmosphere as much as what you’re eating, go on a journey through time back to the Jazz Age at Sijf. The hospitality group Misset Horeca picked it as the best cafe in the Netherlands back in 2019.

Lilith Coffee is another popular spot. Their breakfast menu could easily qualify as a brunch one. Try the okonomiyaki or the pandan pancakes and, if you’re feeling particularly brave, wash ‘em down with a cortado, a flat white, a mimosa, or all three. There are many other great coffee cafes in Rotterdam. The Giraffe Coffee Bar, UEB WEST, Amanda Coffee, and Harvest are just four of them. For dessert (or more coffee) look no further than Round & Round. It’s a cute, cosy, and cross-cultural cafe and bakery with a tea room that recently opened next door.

Where to stay in Rotterdam

Coffee fans, rejoice! Rotterdam will soon be home to the world’s first coffee hotel. It’s the dreamchild of the local roastery Man Met Bril. Unfortunately, it’s not due to open until the summer of 2023 (but you can try their special Hotel Blend until then).

Book a night or two or three at Hotel Not Hotel now, especially if you enjoy bizarre lodgings. Their rooms have names like ‘The Vertical Swimming Pool’ and two of them look like cuckoo clocks. On the opposite end of the spectrum is the historic Hotel New York. It has served as an oasis for intercontinental travellers departing from or arriving at the nearby cruise ship terminal for over a century.

Mainport Design Hotel offers more modern, five-star accommodations. The CitizenM chain has a location in Rotterdam’s Oude Haven district. If you think you can handle the experience, the Kubuswoningen has a hostel that’s worth checking out.

How to get there

Many visitors head to Rotterdam via the NS and wind up at its central station. The city takes about 90 minutes to reach from central Amsterdam via car depending on traffic conditions on the A4 and A13.

Anything else?

Rotterdam has been a hotbed for jazz musicians from both the Netherlands and the rest of the globe since at least the 1920s. It’s still home to several jazz clubs as well as the annual North Sea Jazz Festival every July. The stages of the weekend-long concert series attract swing bands as well as headliners from the worlds of hip-hop, pop, and other genres.

This article was published on January 5, 2023 by Brandon Hartley in the digital newspaper Dutchnews, and they kindly allowed us to publish on our page.

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